National Ideal Benefit Society records

National Ideal Benefit Society was a very successful African-American owned insurance company.Alexander Watson (A.W.) Holmes was born on 15 June 1861 in Louisa County, Virginia. His parents, Anthony and Martha Holmes, were slaves living on or near a tobacco plantation called Frederick Hall. Following emancipation Holmes attended school as the opportunity arose and began earning wages at fourteen, initially working in a factory. Anthony Holmes eventually purchased a farm, which the younger Holmes inherited. A.W. Holmes spent most of his adult life in Richmond, Virginia. He belonged to or led various African American charitable organizations, including the Twilight Foundation and the True Reformers, and was a member of the deaconry of the First Baptist Church. In 1912 he became the first Supreme Master of the National Ideal Benefit Society, an African American insurance cooperative whose benefits aided the sick and indigent and provided assistence with the burial of the dead. A Junior Department organized by Holmes's wife Mary sought to train children in the principles and benefits of the society. By 1928, NIBS was stated to have almost 40,000 members in chapters in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia. A.W. Holmes died in 1935 after 23 years at the head of the organization. Management of NIBS fell to Benjamin Walter Perkins, who filled the unexpired terms of Holmes and was elected Supreme Master.